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Greek Mythology Notes

Poseidon

godEarth-ShakerΠοσειδῶν
God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses

Poseidon was the god of the sea and earthquakes whose moods determined whether sailors lived or died‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌ — and whose grudge against Odysseus drove the Odyssey.

The Myth of Poseidon

Poseidon received dominion over the sea when Zeus divided the cosmos among the three brothers after defeating Kronos and the Titans.‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌ His trident could cause earthquakes, create springs, and summon storms. He competed with Athena for patronage of Athens, offering a salt spring against her olive tree — and lost. He built the walls of Troy with Apollo, then punished the city when King Laomedon refused payment. He tormented Odysseus for blinding his son the Cyclops Polyphemus, extending the hero's voyage to Ithaca by ten years. He cursed Minos's wife Pasiphaë, creating the Minotaur in Crete. He fathered Theseus, Triton, Pegasus (by Medusa), and the merman Proteus. Corinth and the Isthmus were his sacred ground.

Parents

Kronos and Rhea

Children

Polyphemus, Triton, Theseus, Pegasus, many others

Symbols

tridenthorsesdolphinsearthquakes

Fun Fact

The planet Neptune is named for Poseidon's Roman counterpart — the most distant major planet, ruling the outermost "sea" of the solar system.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

Neptunetrident

Explore Further

Poseidon

god

God of the sea, earthquakes, horses

Lord of the seas and brother of Zeus. Poseidon's moods shaped the oceans — calm seas for those who pleased him, devastating storms for those who did not.

Neptune

god

Sea, earthquakes, horses

Roman god of the sea and freshwater, identified with the Greek Poseidon but originally a deity of springs and rivers

neptune

Nereus

god

The Old Man of the Sea

Nereus was the ancient, benevolent sea god known as the Old Man of the Sea — truthful, wise, gentle, and father of the fifty Nereids.

nereid

Amphitrite

god

Goddess-queen of the seas

Amphitrite co-ruled the oceans with Poseidon.

Amphitrite (genus)

God of the Sea

💭 concept

Sea, storms, earthquakes, horses

Poseidon, brother of Zeus, commands the oceans and all waters beneath the sky.

poseidonneptunetrident

Trident of Poseidon

💭 concept

Artefact

The three-pronged weapon of the sea god, capable of causing earthquakes and summoning storms

trident

Glaucus

god

sea, prophecy

A mortal fisherman who became an immortal sea god after eating a magical herb.

Leucothea

god

sea, rescue

Sea goddess who rescued drowning sailors, formerly the mortal princess Ino.

Palaemon

god

harbours, sailors

God of harbours and patron of the Isthmian Games, originally the mortal child Melicertes.

Euphemus

🗡 hero

sea

Argonaut and son of Poseidon who could walk on water and was prophesied to be the ancestor of Cyrene's founders.

Glaucus the Sea God

god

sea

Mortal fisherman who ate a magical herb, became immortal, and transformed into a blue-green sea deity.

Proteus

god

Shape-shifting seer of the sea

Proteus knew all things but only spoke if held through shape-shifts.

proteanproteinProteus syndrome