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Greek Mythology Notes

Neptune

godΠοσειδῶν
Sea, earthquakes, horses

Roman god of the sea and freshwater, identified with the Greek Poseidon but originally a deity of sp‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌rings and rivers

The Myth of Neptune

Neptune was worshipped in Rome long before he was merged with Poseidon, and his earliest role was as a god of fresh water and irrigation — vital concerns for an agricultural society.‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌ His festival, the Neptunalia, fell on 23 July during the hottest part of summer, when Romans built shelters of branches and feasted near water sources to avert drought. Once equated with Poseidon, Neptune gained dominion over the sea, earthquakes, and horses. Roman sailors prayed to him before voyages, and his trident became an emblem of naval power. The planet Neptune, discovered in 1846, was named for him because of its deep blue colour.

Parents

Saturn and Ops

Children

Triton

Symbols

tridenthorsedolphin

Fun Fact

The original Roman Neptune had nothing to do with the sea — he was a god of fresh water and springs

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

neptune

Explore Further

Poseidon

god

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses

Poseidon was the god of the sea and earthquakes whose moods determined whether sailors lived or died — and whose grudge against Odysseus drove the Odyssey.

Neptunetrident

Poseidon

god

God of the sea, earthquakes, horses

Lord of the seas and brother of Zeus. Poseidon's moods shaped the oceans — calm seas for those who pleased him, devastating storms for those who did not.

Poseidon Hippios

god

horses, sea

An epithet of Poseidon as lord of horses, reflecting his role as creator of the first horse and patron of equestrian arts.

hippodromehippopotamushippo-

Neptune

💭 concept

Astronomy and mythology

The eighth and outermost planet of the solar system, named after Neptune, the Roman god of the sea identified with the Greek Poseidon, because of its blue colour

neptune

Glaucus the Sea God

god

sea

Mortal fisherman who ate a magical herb, became immortal, and transformed into a blue-green sea deity.

Nereus

god

The Old Man of the Sea

Nereus was the ancient, benevolent sea god known as the Old Man of the Sea — truthful, wise, gentle, and father of the fifty Nereids.

nereid

Scamander

god

river, Troy

River god of the Scamander, the great river of the Trojan plain.

Jupiter

god

King of gods, sky, thunder

Supreme deity of the Roman pantheon, equivalent to the Greek Zeus, ruling over gods and mortals from the heavens

jovial

Glaucus

god

sea, prophecy

A mortal fisherman who became an immortal sea god after eating a magical herb.

Alpheus

god

river, pursuit

River god of the Alpheus, the largest river in the Peloponnese.

God of the Sea

💭 concept

Sea, storms, earthquakes, horses

Poseidon, brother of Zeus, commands the oceans and all waters beneath the sky.

poseidonneptunetrident

Cephissus

god

river, purification

River god of the Cephissus, the principal river of Attica and Boeotia.