Greek Mythology Notes

Agave

hero
Ἀγαύη
madness

Mother of Pentheus and daughter of Cadmus who tore her own son apart while possessed by Dionysian madness.

The Myth

She carried her son's severed head through the streets of Thebes — believing it was a lion's. Agave, daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia, denied that her nephew Dionysus was divine. As punishment, Dionysus drove her and her sisters into a Bacchic frenzy on Mount Cithaeron. When Pentheus came to spy on them, Agave led the attack, ripping off his arm, then his head. She mounted it on a thyrsus and brought it to her father Cadmus, boasting of her hunt. The moment Cadmus makes her recognize what she holds is the most devastating recognition scene in Greek tragedy. Euripides's Bacchae ends with her exile.

Children

Pentheus

Symbols

thyrsussevered head

Fun Fact

The recognition scene in the Bacchae — Agave realizing she holds her son's head — is considered the peak of Greek tragic writing.

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