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Greek Mythology Notes

Pentheus

🗡 heroKingΠενθεύς
hubris

King of Thebes who denied Dionysus's divinity and was torn apart by his own mother and aunts in a Ba‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌cchic frenzy.

The Legend of Pentheus

His own mother ripped his head off — thinking he was a lion.‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌ Pentheus refused to accept that his cousin Dionysus was a god and tried to imprison him. Dionysus broke free effortlessly and lured Pentheus to spy on the Maenads by offering to dress him as a woman. Hidden in a tree on Mount Cithaeron, Pentheus was spotted. Dionysus pointed him out, and the maddened women — led by his mother Agave and aunt Ino — tore him limb from limb in sparagmos. Agave carried his head back to Thebes on a thyrsus, proudly displaying her lion kill until the madness cleared. Euripides's Bacchae is built around this scene.

Parents

Echion, Agave

Symbols

thyrsuspine treetorn limbs

Fun Fact

Euripides wrote the Bacchae while in exile in Macedonia — it was performed posthumously.

Explore Further

Pentheus

🗡 hero

None recorded

King of Thebes torn apart by his own mother for opposing the worship of Dionysus

Agave

🗡 hero

madness

Mother of Pentheus and daughter of Cadmus who tore her own son apart while possessed by Dionysian madness.

Bellerophon

🗡 hero

Tamer of Pegasus, slayer of the Chimera

The hero who tamed the winged horse Pegasus and used him to slay the monstrous Chimera. His story is a cautionary tale about hubris.

Bellerophon (gastropod genus)

Capaneus

🗡 hero

hubris

One of the Seven against Thebes who boasted that not even Zeus could stop him from scaling the walls.

Bellerophon and Pegasus

🗡 hero

hubris, fall

The hero who tamed Pegasus and slew the Chimera but was destroyed by his own hubris when he tried to fly to Olympus.

chimerachimericalbellerophon

Lycurgus of Thrace

🗡 hero

hubris

Thracian king who rejected Dionysus, drove his followers from the land, and was destroyed by the god's vengeance.

Salmoneus

🗡 hero

hubris

King of Elis who imitated Zeus by dragging bronze kettles behind his chariot and throwing torches as fake lightning.

Hippolytus

🗡 hero

Son of Theseus destroyed by Aphrodite

Hippolytus was the chaste son of Theseus who rejected Aphrodite and was destroyed when his stepmother Phaedra fell in love with him.

Bellerophon

🗡 hero

The hero who tamed Pegasus

The Corinthian hero who tamed the winged horse Pegasus and slew the Chimera, but fell from heaven when he tried to reach Olympus.

chimerachimerical

Alcathous

🗡 hero

City Foundation, Athletic Victory

Son of Pelops who rebuilt the walls of Megara and won the throne by slaying the Cithaeronian lion.

Perseus

🗡 hero

Hero who slew Medusa

The son of Zeus and Danae who beheaded Medusa, rescued Andromeda, and founded the Perseid dynasty of Mycenae.

Diomedes

🗡 hero

King of Argos who wounded gods

Diomedes was the only mortal in the Iliad to wound two Olympian gods in a single day.

Diomedea (albatross genus)