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Greek Mythology Notes

Icarus

🗡 heroMythἼκαρος
Boy who flew too close to the sun

Icarus was the son of Daedalus who escaped Crete on wings of wax and feathers but flew too high — th‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌e sun melted his wings and he fell into the sea.

The Legend of Icarus

Daedalus fashioned two pairs of wings from feathers and wax to escape King Minos's prison on Crete, where the Minotaur's Labyrinth had become their cage.‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌ He warned Icarus: fly neither too low, where Poseidon's spray would soak the feathers, nor too high, where Helios would melt the wax. Apollo watched as the boy ignored his father. The wings failed and Icarus fell into the sea. Athena could not intervene — Zeus allows mortals their choices. The myth mirrors Phaethon's ride and Bellerophon's flight to Olympus: the gods set limits that ambition cannot survive.

Parents

Daedalus and Naucrate

Symbols

wax wingsfeatherssunfallingsea

Fun Fact

Bruegel's "Landscape with the Fall of Icarus" — where a tiny figure drowns while the world carries on — inspired Auden's poem "Musée des Beaux Arts."

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

Icarian

Explore Further

Icarus

🗡 hero

Boy who flew too close to the sun

The son of Daedalus who flew on wings of wax and feathers but ignored his father's warning not to fly too close to the sun. The wax melted and he fell to his death.

Icarian

Calais

🗡 hero

Wind, flight

Winged son of Boreas the North Wind who sailed with the Argonauts and drove off the Harpies

Phaethon

🗡 hero

Son of Helios who drove the sun chariot

Phaethon was the son of Helios who insisted on driving the chariot of the sun and lost control, nearly burning the earth to ashes.

phaeton

Zetes and Calais

🗡 hero

flight

Winged sons of Boreas who joined the Argonauts and chased the Harpies away from the blind prophet Phineus.

boreal

Aegeus

🗡 hero

tragedy

King of Athens and father of Theseus who threw himself into the sea when he saw black sails, believing his son was dead.

Aegean

Bellerophon and Pegasus

🗡 hero

hubris, fall

The hero who tamed Pegasus and slew the Chimera but was destroyed by his own hubris when he tried to fly to Olympus.

chimerachimericalbellerophon

Bellerophon

🗡 hero

Tamer of Pegasus, slayer of the Chimera

The hero who tamed the winged horse Pegasus and used him to slay the monstrous Chimera. His story is a cautionary tale about hubris.

Bellerophon (gastropod genus)

Bellerophon

🗡 hero

The hero who tamed Pegasus

The Corinthian hero who tamed the winged horse Pegasus and slew the Chimera, but fell from heaven when he tried to reach Olympus.

chimerachimerical

Jason

🗡 hero

Leader of the Argonauts

The hero who assembled the Argonauts and sailed to Colchis to retrieve the Golden Fleece, aided by Medea's sorcery.

Argonaut

Perseus

🗡 hero

Hero who slew Medusa

The son of Zeus and Danae who beheaded Medusa, rescued Andromeda, and founded the Perseid dynasty of Mycenae.

Phineus

🗡 hero

prophecy, punishment

A blind Thracian king and prophet punished by Zeus for revealing divine secrets, tormented by Harpies until rescued by the Argonauts.

phineas

Althaemenes

🗡 hero

Fate, exile

Cretan prince who fled to Rhodes to avoid a prophecy that he would kill his father, only to fulfil it