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Greek Mythology Notes

Minotaur's Labyrinth

🐉 creatureΜινώταυρος
Bull-headed man of the Labyrinth

The Minotaur was a creature with the body of a man and the head of a bull, born from Pasiphaë's unna‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍tural union with the Cretan Bull, imprisoned in the Labyrinth.

The Myth of Minotaur's Labyrinth

The labyrinth beneath Knossos was built by Daedalus, the master craftsman of Athens, on the orders of King Minos of Crete.‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍ Poseidon had sent Minos a magnificent bull from the sea; when Minos refused to sacrifice it, Poseidon cursed his wife Pasiphaë with unnatural desire for the beast. Daedalus constructed a wooden cow so Pasiphaë could mate with the bull, producing the Minotaur — half man, half bull. To conceal this monster, Minos ordered Daedalus to build the labyrinth, a structure so complex that no one who entered could find their way out. Athens was forced to send seven youths and seven maidens as tribute until Theseus, guided by Ariadne's thread, slew the Minotaur and escaped.

Parents

Pasiphaë and the Cretan Bull

Symbols

bull headlabyrinthhuman sacrificeKnossos

Fun Fact

Jorge Luis Borges' short story "The House of Asterion" retells the myth from the Minotaur's perspective — lonely, confused, waiting for his "redeemer."

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

minotaur

Explore Further

Minotaur

🐉 creature

Bull-headed monster of the Labyrinth

A monster with the body of a man and the head of a bull, imprisoned in the Labyrinth beneath Crete. The Minotaur was fed Athenian youths until Theseus slew it.

minotaurlabyrinthine

Cretan Bull

🐉 creature

labour, Crete

The magnificent bull sent by Poseidon to Minos that became the father of the Minotaur, later captured by Heracles as his seventh labour.

taurinetaurus

Ophiotaurus

🐉 creature

hybrid creatures

A creature half bull and half serpent whose entrails, if burned, could grant power to overthrow the gods

Minotaur

💭 concept

Mythology and architecture

The bull-headed monster imprisoned in the Labyrinth of Crete, whose myth gave English the concept of the labyrinth as a place of confusion and entrapment

labyrinthminotaur

Orthrus

🐉 creature

Two-headed dog of Geryon

Orthrus was a fearsome two-headed dog who guarded the cattle of the three-bodied giant Geryon at the western edge of the world.

Echidna

🐉 creature

Mother of all monsters

Echidna was half woman, half serpent — called the Mother of All Monsters for bearing the most fearsome creatures of Greek mythology.

echidna

Nemean Lion

🐉 creature

Invulnerable beast of Nemea

The Nemean Lion was a monstrous lion with an impenetrable golden hide that no weapon could pierce — the first of Heracles' twelve labours.

leonine

Typhon

🐉 creature

Father of all monsters

The most fearsome monster in Greek mythology, who challenged Zeus for supremacy of the cosmos. Typhon was the father of many of mythology's most dangerous creatures.

typhoon

Cyclopes

🐉 creature

smithing, monstrous

One-eyed giants who existed in two distinct traditions: divine craftsmen who forged Zeus's thunderbolts, and savage pastoral giants encountered by Odysseus.

cyclopsCyclopean (masonry)

Calydonian Boar

🐉 creature

Monstrous boar sent by Artemis

The Calydonian Boar was a massive, destructive beast sent by Artemis to ravage Calydon after King Oeneus forgot to honour her in sacrifice.

Sphinx

🐉 creature

Riddling monster with a lion body and human head

A creature with the body of a lion, wings of an eagle, and head of a woman. The Sphinx terrorized Thebes with her deadly riddle until Oedipus solved it.

sphinxenigma

Hydra

🐉 creature

Multi-headed serpent of Lerna

A monstrous water serpent with multiple heads that grew two more whenever one was cut off. Slaying the Hydra was Heracles's second labor.

hydra