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Greek Mythology Notes

God of the Sun

💭 conceptΘεός τοῦ Ἡλίου
Sun, light, truth, cattle of the sun

Helios drives the sun chariot across the sky each day, and Apollo later inherited many solar associa‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌tions.

The Meaning of God of the Sun

Helios, a Titan, rose each morning from the river Oceanus in the east, mounted his golden chariot dr‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌awn by four fiery horses — Pyrois, Aeos, Aethon, and Phlegon — and traversed the heavens until he sank into the west. At night, he sailed back east in a great golden cup along the world-river. His son Phaethon begged to drive the chariot for a single day; Helios reluctantly agreed, and Phaethon lost control, scorching the earth and creating the Sahara desert, until Zeus struck him down with a thunderbolt to save the world. By the Classical period, Apollo absorbed many of Helios's solar attributes, and the two were frequently merged in art and worship.

Parents

Hyperion and Theia

Children

Phaethon, Circe, Aeetes, the Heliades

Symbols

sun chariotgolden cupradiant crown

Fun Fact

Helios could see everything from his vantage point and was often called as a witness to oaths because nothing escaped his gaze.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

heliosapollosolsolar

Explore Further

Phaethon's Ride

💭 concept

hubris, catastrophe

The myth of Helios's son who drove the sun chariot across the sky, lost control, and was struck down by Zeus to prevent the earth from burning.

phaetonamber

Goddess of the Moon

💭 concept

Moon, night sky, lunar cycles

Selene drives her silver chariot across the night sky, illuminating the world with reflected light.

selenelunamoon

Helios

god

Titan god of the sun

The Titan who drove the sun chariot across the sky each day, providing light to the world. Helios saw everything that happened under the sun.

heliocentricheliumheliotrope

Helios

god

Titan who drove the sun chariot daily

Helios was the Titan god who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day — seeing everything that happened on earth from his vantage point above.

heliocentricheliumheliotrope

God of the Sea

💭 concept

Sea, storms, earthquakes, horses

Poseidon, brother of Zeus, commands the oceans and all waters beneath the sky.

poseidonneptunetrident

Helios

🏔 titan

The all-seeing Titan of the sun

The Titan who drove the sun chariot across the sky each day and saw everything that happened on earth below.

heliocentricheliographhelium

God of the Sky

💭 concept

Sky, weather, thunder, law, kingship

Zeus rules the sky and all its phenomena, serving as king of the gods and enforcer of cosmic order.

zeusjupitersky

Ganymede

💭 concept

Astronomy and mythology

The largest moon in the solar system, named after Ganymede, the beautiful Trojan prince abducted by Zeus to serve as cupbearer of the gods on Olympus

ganymede

Io

💭 concept

Astronomy and mythology

A moon of Jupiter named after Io, the priestess of Hera whom Zeus transformed into a white cow, now known as the most volcanically active body in the solar system

Saturn

💭 concept

Astronomy and mythology

The sixth planet from the Sun, named after Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture and time identified with the Greek Titan Kronos, father of Zeus

saturnsaturninesaturday

Phaethon

🗡 hero

Son of Helios who drove the sun chariot

Phaethon was the son of Helios who insisted on driving the chariot of the sun and lost control, nearly burning the earth to ashes.

phaeton

Venus

💭 concept

Astronomy and mythology

The second planet from the Sun and the brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon, named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love identified with the Greek Aphrodite

venusvenerealvenerate