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Greek Mythology Notes

Helios

🏔 titanTitan WitnessἭλιος
The all-seeing Titan of the sun

The Titan who drove the sun chariot across the sky each day and saw everything that happened on eart‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍h below.

The Myth of Helios

Helios was the son of Hyperion and Theia, the Titan who drove the golden chariot of the sun from east to west each day, drawn by four fire-breathing horses.‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍ Because he traversed the entire sky daily, Helios saw everything — he was the great witness of the divine and mortal worlds. He told Demeter that Hades had abducted Persephone when no one else would speak. He revealed Aphrodite's affair with Ares to Hephaestus, earning the love goddess's eternal enmity. His sacred cattle grazed on the island of Thrinacia; when Odysseus's men slaughtered them, Helios demanded Zeus destroy their ship. At night, Helios sailed back to the east in a great golden cup along the river Oceanus. His son Phaethon famously lost control of the chariot, scorching the earth until Zeus struck him down. Helios was gradually absorbed into Apollo in later Greek religion, though they were originally entirely separate gods.

Fun Fact

Helium was named after Helios because it was first detected in the sun's spectrum during an eclipse — before being found on Earth.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

heliocentricheliographheliumheliotrope

Explore Further

Hyperion

🏔 titan

Titan of heavenly light, observation

Titan of light and father of the sun, moon, and dawn. Hyperion was one of the original twelve Titans, embodying the celestial light that preceded the Olympians.

hyperion

Helios

god

Titan who drove the sun chariot daily

Helios was the Titan god who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day — seeing everything that happened on earth from his vantage point above.

heliocentricheliumheliotrope

Helios

god

Titan god of the sun

The Titan who drove the sun chariot across the sky each day, providing light to the world. Helios saw everything that happened under the sun.

heliocentricheliumheliotrope

Hyperion

🏔 titan

Titan who fathered the celestial lights

The Titan of heavenly light who fathered Helios (Sun), Selene (Moon), and Eos (Dawn) — the three celestial luminaries.

hyperion

Atlas

🏔 titan

Titan condemned to hold the sky

The Titan condemned to bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders at the western edge of the world for eternity.

atlasAtlanticAtlantis

Clymene

🏔 titan

Fame, Renown

An Oceanid-Titaness best known as the mother of Prometheus, Atlas, and the other sons of Iapetus who shaped humanity's early story.

Lampetia

🏔 titan

sunlight, cattle-herding

A daughter of Helios who guarded her father's sacred cattle on the island of Thrinacia and reported the slaughter by Odysseus's men.

Selene

🏔 titan

Titan goddess of the moon

The Titan goddess who drove the silver chariot of the moon across the night sky, daughter of Hyperion and Theia.

seleniumselenographyselenite

Atlas

🏔 titan

Titan condemned to hold up the sky

The Titan who was condemned to hold the celestial sphere on his shoulders for eternity. His name became synonymous with endurance and with books of maps.

atlasAtlanticAtlantis

Phaethon

🗡 hero

Son of Helios who drove the sun chariot

Phaethon was the son of Helios who insisted on driving the chariot of the sun and lost control, nearly burning the earth to ashes.

phaeton

Rhea

🏔 titan

Titaness of fertility, motherhood, the mountain wilds

Mother of the Olympian gods and wife of Kronos. Rhea saved the infant Zeus from being devoured by his father, enabling the rise of the Olympians.

rhea

Theia

🏔 titan

Titaness of sight and shining

Theia was the Titaness of sight and shining light — mother of the Sun, Moon, and Dawn.

theatertheorytheorem