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Greek Mythology Notes

Helios

godSun GodἭλιος
Titan who drove the sun chariot daily

Helios was the Titan god who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day — seeing everythin‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌g that happened on earth from his vantage point above.

The Myth of Helios

Each dawn, Helios rose from his golden palace in the east, harnessing four fire-breathing horses — Pyrois, Aeos, Aethon, Phlegon — and driving his blazing chariot across the sky.‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌ At evening, he sailed back in a golden cup along the river Oceanus. Son of the Titans Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, Helios saw everything from his vantage. He revealed Aphrodite's affair with Ares to Hephaestus, and told Demeter that Hades had abducted Persephone. His son Phaethon begged to drive the chariot and lost control; Zeus struck the boy down with a thunderbolt to save the earth. Helios owned the sacred cattle on Thrinacia that Odysseus's men slaughtered, dooming them all.

Parents

Hyperion and Theia

Children

Phaethon, Circe, Aeëtes, Pasiphaë

Symbols

golden chariotfour horsesall-seeing eyegolden cup

Fun Fact

The element helium was named after Helios — it was first discovered in the sun's spectrum before being found on Earth.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

heliocentricheliumheliotrope

Explore Further

Helios

god

Titan god of the sun

The Titan who drove the sun chariot across the sky each day, providing light to the world. Helios saw everything that happened under the sun.

heliocentricheliumheliotrope

Phaethon

🗡 hero

Son of Helios who drove the sun chariot

Phaethon was the son of Helios who insisted on driving the chariot of the sun and lost control, nearly burning the earth to ashes.

phaeton

Helios

🏔 titan

The all-seeing Titan of the sun

The Titan who drove the sun chariot across the sky each day and saw everything that happened on earth below.

heliocentricheliographhelium

God of the Sun

💭 concept

Sun, light, truth, cattle of the sun

Helios drives the sun chariot across the sky each day, and Apollo later inherited many solar associations.

heliosapollosol

Phaethon's Ride

💭 concept

hubris, catastrophe

The myth of Helios's son who drove the sun chariot across the sky, lost control, and was struck down by Zeus to prevent the earth from burning.

phaetonamber

Selene

god

Titaness of the moon

Selene was the Titaness who drove the silver chariot of the moon across the night sky — she loved the mortal Endymion and visited him each night as he slept eternally.

seleniumselenography

Zeus

god

King of gods and men

Zeus was the king of the Olympian gods, ruler of the sky, wielder of the thunderbolt — the supreme deity whose authority held the divine and mortal orders together.

jovialJupiter

Zeus

god

King of the gods, sky, thunder, lightning, law, order

Supreme ruler of the Olympian gods and lord of the sky. Zeus overthrew his father Kronos and divided the world among his brothers.

jovial

Apollo

god

God of the sun, music, poetry, prophecy, healing, archery

God of light, music, poetry, and prophecy. Apollo embodied the Greek ideal of youthful masculine beauty and was patron of the Oracle at Delphi.

apollonian

Jupiter

god

King of gods, sky, thunder

Supreme deity of the Roman pantheon, equivalent to the Greek Zeus, ruling over gods and mortals from the heavens

jovial

Oenomaus

🗡 hero

None recorded

A king of Pisa who killed the suitors of his daughter Hippodamia in rigged chariot races until Pelops defeated him through trickery and divine favour

Pelops

🗡 hero

kingship

Son of Tantalus, restored to life by the gods with an ivory shoulder, who won his bride by cheating in a chariot race and cursed his line.

Peloponnese