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Greek Mythology Notes

Erechtheus

🗡 heroἘρεχθεύς
kingship

Legendary king of Athens who sacrificed his own daughter to win a war and was killed by Poseidon's t‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌rident.

The Legend of Erechtheus

He sacrificed his daughter to save Athens — and his other daughters killed themselves in solidarity.‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌ When Eumolpus of Thrace invaded Athens, Erechtheus consulted an oracle that demanded the sacrifice of one of his daughters. He complied. His remaining daughters had sworn a pact to die together and killed themselves. Athens won the war. Poseidon, father of Eumolpus, killed Erechtheus with his trident. Athena honored the dead daughters as the Hyacinthids. The Erechtheion on the Acropolis is named for him. Euripides wrote a lost play about the sacrifice. Erechtheus represents the Athenian ideal of civic duty above family — a king who gives everything, including his children, for the state.

Parents

Pandion

Symbols

tridentAcropolissacrifice

Fun Fact

The Erechtheion on the Acropolis — with its famous Caryatid porch — is named for this king.

Explore Further

Pandion

🗡 hero

kingship

King of Athens who married off his daughters Procne and Philomela, both of whom suffered terribly at the hands of Tereus.

Neleus

🗡 hero

kingship

Son of Poseidon and Tyro, founder of Pylos, father of Nestor, killed by Heracles for refusing purification.

Tenes

🗡 hero

Purity, Betrayal, Apollo

Prince of Colonae and first ruler of Tenedos, killed by Achilles despite his divine protection by Apollo.

Leucippus of Messene

🗡 hero

Fatherhood, Daughters, Spartan Rivalry

Messenian king whose daughters Hilaeira and Phoebe were carried off by Castor and Polydeuces.

Cepheus

🗡 hero

tragedy

Ethiopian king who chained his own daughter Andromeda to a rock to appease Poseidon's sea monster.

Icarius

🗡 hero

None recorded

A legendary king of Sparta and father of Penelope who tried to prevent his daughter from leaving with Odysseus after her marriage

Macaria

🗡 hero

Self-Sacrifice, Female Heroism, Heraclidae

Daughter of Heracles who voluntarily sacrificed herself so that the Heraclidae could defeat Eurystheus.

Pelias

🗡 hero

usurpation

Usurper king of Iolcus who sent Jason on the quest for the Golden Fleece hoping he would die, and was later boiled alive by his own daughters.

Polyxena

🗡 hero

sacrifice

Trojan princess sacrificed on Achilles's tomb after the fall of Troy to appease his ghost.

Aepytus

🗡 hero

Kingship, Arcadia

Arcadian king who was killed by a serpent while attempting to enter the forbidden sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi

Busiris

🗡 hero

None recorded

Egyptian king who sacrificed strangers to Zeus until Heracles broke free and killed him

Megara

🗡 hero

None recorded

First wife of Heracles, given to him as a reward and later killed in his madness