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Greek Mythology Notes

Chryseis

🗡 heroWar PrizeΧρυσηΐς
captivity

Daughter of Apollo's priest Chryses whose capture by Agamemnon triggered the plague and quarrel that‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍ opens the Iliad.

The Legend of Chryseis

She is the reason the Iliad begins with a plague — her father prayed to Apollo and the god shot arrows of pestilence into the Greek camp for nine days.‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍ Chryseis was captured by Agamemnon during a raid. Her father Chryses, priest of Apollo, came with ransom. Agamemnon refused. Chryses prayed, and Apollo sent a plague. When Agamemnon was forced to return Chryseis, he took Briseis from Achilles as compensation. Achilles withdrew from battle. Without Achilles, the Greeks began losing. Patroclus fought in his place and died. This chain — Chryseis to plague to quarrel to withdrawal to Patroclus's death — is the Iliad's engine. The entire epic pivots on the capture of one woman.

Parents

Chryses

Symbols

ransomplague arrows

Fun Fact

The Iliad's entire plot — from plague to Hector's death — begins because Agamemnon refused to return one war captive.

Explore Further

Chryses

🗡 hero

Priesthood, Apollo

Priest of Apollo whose daughter's captivity triggered the plague that opened the Iliad

Chryseis

🗡 hero

Captive who caused the quarrel of the Iliad

Chryseis was the priest's daughter whose captivity by Agamemnon and forced return sparked the quarrel with Achilles that drives the entire Iliad.

Briseis

🗡 hero

captivity

Captured woman taken from Achilles by Agamemnon, whose seizure caused Achilles to withdraw from the Trojan War.

Briseis

🗡 hero

War prize whose seizure caused Achilles' withdrawal

Briseis was the captive woman taken from Achilles by Agamemnon — the cause of Achilles' wrath that nearly destroyed the Greek army at Troy.

Neoptolemus

🗡 hero

Son of Achilles

Neoptolemus was Achilles' fierce son, brought to Troy because a prophecy declared the city could not fall without him.

pyrrhic

Hesione

🗡 hero

captivity

Trojan princess chained to a rock as sacrifice to a sea monster, rescued by Heracles, then given to Telamon as a war prize.

Aethra

🗡 hero

Motherhood, Captivity, Loyalty

Princess of Troezen, mother of Theseus, who became a captive slave in Troy.

Hecuba

🗡 hero

vengeance

Queen of Troy who survived the fall, witnessed the sacrifice of Polyxena, and took savage revenge on the man who murdered her son Polydorus.

Busiris

🗡 hero

None recorded

Egyptian king who sacrificed strangers to Zeus until Heracles broke free and killed him

Diomedes

🗡 hero

King of Argos who wounded gods

Diomedes was the only mortal in the Iliad to wound two Olympian gods in a single day.

Diomedea (albatross genus)

Hecuba

🗡 hero

Queen of Troy

Hecuba was the queen of Troy who watched her husband, sons, and city destroyed — embodying the total devastation that war inflicts on women.

Eurema hecabe (butterfly)

Meleager

🗡 hero

Hero whose life was bound to a burning log

The leader of the Calydonian Boar Hunt whose fate was tied to a charred brand — when it burned out, he died.