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Greek Mythology Notes

Aphrodite

godGolden OneἈφροδίτη
Goddess of love, desire, and beauty

The goddess born from sea-foam whose power over desire could override the will of gods and mortals a‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌like.

The Myth of Aphrodite

Aphrodite's birth in Hesiod's account is violent: when Kronos castrated Ouranos and cast the severed‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌ parts into the sea, foam gathered around them, and from that foam (aphros) the goddess emerged fully formed, stepping ashore on Cyprus. She was immediately attended by Eros and Himeros (Desire). Her power was inescapable — she could make any being fall in love, and this power drove some of the most consequential events in mythology. She promised Paris the most beautiful woman in the world (Helen), causing the Trojan War. She cursed Hippolytus with his stepmother's desire because he rejected love itself. She punished Eos with insatiable desire for mortals. She loved the mortal Anchises and bore Aeneas, founder of the Roman lineage. Her affair with Ares, exposed by Hephaestus's golden net, was the scandal of Olympus. Yet Aphrodite was also the goddess of harmony and civic unity — at Corinth, her temple employed sacred prostitutes, and her cult connected desire to social cohesion.

Fun Fact

Aphrodite means foam-born — she emerged from the sea-foam generated by the most violent act in Greek cosmogony.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

aphrodisiac

Explore Further

Aphrodite

god

Goddess of love, beauty, desire

Goddess of love and beauty, born from the sea foam. Aphrodite's power to inspire desire was so great that even the gods were not immune.

aphrodisiacvenereal

Venus

god

Love, beauty, desire, fertility

Roman goddess of love, beauty, and fertility, identified with the Greek Aphrodite but also revered as ancestress of the Roman people

venerealvenerate

Himeros

god

Desire and longing

God of immediate desire and passionate longing, companion of Aphrodite from her birth

Hera

god

Queen of the gods, marriage, family, childbirth

Queen of the Olympian gods and goddess of marriage. Known for her jealous rages against Zeus's lovers and their children.

heroine (disputed etymology)

Cupid

god

Love, desire, attraction

Roman god of erotic love and desire, son of Venus, equivalent to the Greek Eros

cupidity

Hera

god

Queen of the gods and guardian of marriage

The queen of Olympus and goddess of marriage who defended the institution of matrimony with a wrath that shaped half the myths.

Doris

goddess

sea, bounty of the sea, safe passage

Sea goddess and mother of the fifty Nereids, personifying the richness and abundance of the ocean.

Dorian

Amphitrite

god

Goddess-queen of the seas

Amphitrite co-ruled the oceans with Poseidon.

Amphitrite (genus)

Circe

god

Sorceress goddess of transformation

A powerful sorceress who lived on the island of Aeaea. Circe transformed Odysseus's men into swine and later became his lover and advisor.

circean

Alecto

god

Underworld

One of the three Erinyes whose name means "Unceasing" and who embodies relentless anger

Poseidon

god

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses

Poseidon was the god of the sea and earthquakes whose moods determined whether sailors lived or died — and whose grudge against Odysseus drove the Odyssey.

Neptunetrident

Leucothea

god

sea, rescue

Sea goddess who rescued drowning sailors, formerly the mortal princess Ino.