Skip to main content
Greek Mythology Notes

Phigalia

🏛 placeΦιγαλία
geography

A remote Arcadian mountain town with an ancient cave sanctuary where Demeter in the form of a horse ‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌was worshipped.

The Story of Phigalia

At Phigalia in Arcadia, a cave sanctuary preserved one of the most archaic forms of Greek religion.‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌ Demeter was worshipped here with a horse's head — a survival of an age before the gods took fully human form. This was the cave to which Demeter had retreated in grief and rage after Poseidon assaulted her by taking the form of a horse. She remained in the cave refusing to let anything grow; the god Pan discovered her there and told Zeus, who sent the Fates to coax her out. The great temple of Apollo at Bassae nearby, designed by the Parthenon's architect Ictinus, stood on Phigalian territory.

Parents

{Demeter (worshipped here),Poseidon (story)}

Children

{}

Symbols

horse headcavetorchgrain

Fun Fact

The horse-headed Demeter at Phigalia is one of the clearest survivals of pre-Olympian religion in Greece — suggesting the Olympian gods were layered over far more ancient animal-deity worship.

Explore Further

Diktaean Cave

🏛 place

geography

A sacred cave on Crete's Mount Dikte where Zeus was hidden as an infant to protect him from Cronus.

cornucopia

Amyclae

🏛 place

geography

An ancient Laconian town near Sparta, sanctuary of Apollo Hyacinthius and site of the hero Hyacinthus' cult.

hyacinth

Thespiae

🏛 place

Sacred geography

A Boeotian city near Mount Helicon famous for its cult of Eros and the sanctuary of the Muses

thespian

Paphos

🏛 place

Sacred geography

The chief sanctuary of Aphrodite on Cyprus, where the goddess was said to have first come ashore from the sea

none

Mount Ida

🏛 place

Birthplace cave of Zeus

Mount Ida was the highest peak in Crete, home to the cave where the infant Zeus was hidden from his father Kronos and raised in secret by nymphs and the Kouretes.

Methone

🏛 place

geography

A Macedonian coastal town where the archer Aster shot out the eye of Philip II — and mythologically associated with Ariadne.

Pieria

🏛 place

Sacred geography

The region at the foot of Mount Olympus sacred to the Muses, who were sometimes called the Pierides

pierian

Epirus

🏛 place

region, northwestern Greece

A mountainous region in northwestern Greece, home to the Oracle of Dodona and the legendary kingdom of the Molossians.

Sicyon

🏛 place

Geography

An ancient city near Corinth claiming to be one of the oldest in Greece and site of Prometheus's sacrifice trick

none

Corinth

🏛 place

City of Sisyphus and Medea

Corinth was a wealthy trading city on the narrow isthmus connecting mainland Greece to the Peloponnese, associated with Sisyphus, Medea, Bellerophon, and Pegasus.

Corinthian

Hippocrene

🏛 place

Sacred geography

The sacred spring on Mount Helicon created by the hoof of Pegasus, source of poetic inspiration

none

Thessaly

🏛 place

region, northern Greece

The largest fertile plain in Greece, legendary homeland of Achilles, the Centaurs, and the Argonauts' leader Jason.