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Greek Mythology Notes

Hymenaios

godὙμέναιος
Marriage ceremonies

God of weddings and the marriage hymn, invoked at every Greek wedding celebration‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌

The Myth of Hymenaios

Hymenaios, also called Hymenaeus, was the god of marriage ceremonies and the wedding song.‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌ He was typically described as the son of Apollo and a Muse, or of Dionysus and Aphrodite. He was depicted as a beautiful youth carrying a torch and a veil, leading the bridal procession. The wedding cry "Hymen, O Hymenaios!" was chanted at every Greek marriage, and the marriage song itself was called the hymenaeus in his honour. One tradition held that Hymenaios was a mortal youth of Athens who died singing at a wedding, and was thereafter invoked to prevent such misfortune. Another story had him rescue abducted Athenian women disguised as one of them, earning the right to marry the girl he loved. His torch symbolised the passage from maiden life to marriage.

Parents

Apollo and a Muse (or Dionysus and Aphrodite)

Symbols

wedding torchveilflute

Fun Fact

Every Greek wedding included the cry "Hymen O Hymenaios!" — his name was literally part of the ceremony

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

hymenealhymen

Explore Further

Hera Teleia

god

marriage, completion

An epithet of Hera as goddess of marriage and its fulfilment, worshipped as the divine model of the married woman and protector of the wedding ceremony.

teleia

Wedding of Peleus and Thetis

💭 concept

Narrative

The divine wedding feast where gods and mortals celebrated together, unknowingly setting the Trojan War in motion

Hieros Gamos

💭 concept

ritual, fertility

The sacred marriage ritual re-enacting the union of Zeus and Hera, performed at sanctuaries across Greece to ensure cosmic and agricultural fertility.

hierogamy

Juno

god

Marriage, childbirth, women, the state

Queen of the Roman gods and protector of women and the state, counterpart to the Greek Hera

Junemoney

Comus

god

Festivity, revelry, nocturnal merrymaking

The god of festive celebration and the joyful excesses of the evening banquet

comedycomic

Hera

god

Queen of the gods and guardian of marriage

The queen of Olympus and goddess of marriage who defended the institution of matrimony with a wrath that shaped half the myths.

Hebe

god

Goddess of youth

Hebe served nectar to the gods and married Heracles.

ephebe

Komos

god

Revelry, the festive procession after a banquet

The spirit of the drunken revel and nocturnal celebration that followed the Greek symposium

comedycomiccomus

Hera

god

Queen of the gods, marriage, family, childbirth

Queen of the Olympian gods and goddess of marriage. Known for her jealous rages against Zeus's lovers and their children.

heroine (disputed etymology)

Anakalypsis

💭 concept

ritual, marriage

The ceremonial unveiling of the bride before her husband and wedding guests — the climactic moment of the Greek marriage ritual.

apocalypsecalypso

Sacred Marriage

💭 concept

Religion

A ritual union between a god and goddess symbolising cosmic fertility and renewal

hierogamy

Peleus

🗡 hero

Mortal who married a goddess

The king of Phthia who wrestled and won the sea-nymph Thetis, fathering Achilles — the greatest warrior of the Trojan War.