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Greek Mythology Notes

Virtus

godἈρετή
Courage, military valour, moral excellence

Roman personification of courage and military valour, equivalent to the Greek Arete‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌

The Myth of Virtus

Virtus embodied the Roman ideal of manly courage and moral excellence — the word virtus itself comes from vir, "man," and originally meant specifically the courage displayed in battle.‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌ She was typically depicted as an armed woman, which creates an interesting tension with her masculine etymology. Virtus shared a famous temple with Honos near the Porta Capena, and the architectural arrangement was symbolic: worshippers had to pass through the shrine of Honos (Honour) before reaching Virtus, teaching that honour was the path to true courage. Marcellus vowed this temple during the siege of Syracuse, and Marius enlarged it after defeating the Cimbri. Roman generals seeking triumphs invoked Virtus alongside Victoria.

Parents

None recorded

Symbols

swordspearhelmetparazonium

Fun Fact

The word "virtue" literally means "manliness" from the Latin vir — yet the Romans personified it as a woman

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

virtuevirtuousvirtual

Explore Further

Honos

god

Honour, military distinction, civic respect

Roman personification of honour and military distinction, with no direct Greek equivalent

honourhonesthonesty

Athena Promachos

god

war, protection

An epithet of Athena meaning "the Champion" or "who fights in front," represented by a colossal bronze statue on the Athenian Acropolis visible to sailors at sea.

promachos

Bias

🗡 hero

Combat, leadership

Trojan or Greek warrior whose name means strength, appearing among fighters at Troy

Andreia

💭 concept

ethics, virtue

Courage or manliness — one of the cardinal virtues in Greek ethics, specifically the virtue that enables facing danger and death without flinching.

androgenandroidpolyandry

Heroic Code

💭 concept

Ethics

The moral framework governing honour, glory, and conduct among Greek heroes

heroicheroheroism

Ctesios

🗡 hero

Wealth, possession

Minor warrior or figure associated with the Trojan War whose name means man of possessions

Warrior Ethos

💭 concept

Ethics

The martial value system that prized courage, skill, and glorious death in ancient Greek society

ethos

Chromios

🗡 hero

Combat, defence

Trojan warrior who fought in the defence of Troy during the long Greek siege

Martial

💭 concept

War, military discipline, combat

Relating to war or warriors, from Mars (Ares), the Roman god of war who gave his name to military practice.

marsaresmartial

Damastor

🗡 hero

Combat, fatherhood

Trojan figure known primarily as the father of the warrior Tlepolemus of Troy

Heroic Ideal

💭 concept

Ethics

The Greek conception of the exemplary human who transcends ordinary limits through excellence and suffering

heroicideal

Victoria

god

Victory, triumph, success

Roman goddess of victory, equivalent to the Greek Nike

victoryvictorious