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Greek Mythology Notes

Somnus

godὝπνος
Sleep, rest, dreams

Roman personification of sleep, equivalent to the Greek Hypnos‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍

The Myth of Somnus

Somnus was the gentle god of sleep, twin brother of Mors (Death) and son of Nox (Night).‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍ Ovid describes his dwelling in the Metamorphoses with vivid detail: a cave in the land of the Cimmerians where no sunlight penetrated, surrounded by poppies and drowsy herbs, through which the river Lethe flowed with a soothing murmur. No door or gate barred entry, so that no hinge could creak and disturb the god's eternal slumber. Around him lay his thousand sons, the Somnia (dreams), chief among them Morpheus, who could take any human form. Roman poets used Somnus as a literary device for transitions between waking and dreaming, and Virgil placed his cave near the entrance to the underworld.

Parents

Nox and Erebus

Children

Morpheus

Symbols

poppieshorn of sleepdark wings

Fun Fact

Ovid described the cave of Somnus as having no doors at all, because even the sound of a hinge would wake the god of sleep

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

somnolentinsomniasomnambulism

Explore Further

Hypnos

💭 concept

God of sleep

The gentle god of sleep and twin brother of Thanatos (Death). Hypnos dwelt in a dark cave where no light or sound could penetrate, surrounded by poppies.

hypnosishypnotic

Morpheus

💭 concept

God of dreams

The god of dreams who appeared in the sleeping visions of mortals, taking human form. Son of Hypnos (Sleep), he shaped the dreams of kings and commoners alike.

morphinemorphologyamorphous

God of Sleep

💭 concept

Sleep, rest, dreams

Hypnos personifies sleep itself, dwelling in a dark cave where the river Lethe flows and poppies bloom.

hypnossomnussleep

Phobetor

🐉 creature

dreams,underworld

A god of nightmares who took the form of animals in dreams, son of Nyx and brother of Morpheus, one of the Oneiroi — the thousand dream spirits.

phobia

Drakon Kholkikos

🐉 creature

dragons

The ever-wakeful dragon that guarded the Golden Fleece in the sacred grove of Ares at Colchis

Oneiroi

🏔 titan

dreams, prophetic visions

The collective personifications of dreams, children of Hypnos, who passed through gates of horn or ivory.

oneiriconeiromancy

Zeus

god

King of gods and men

Zeus was the king of the Olympian gods, ruler of the sky, wielder of the thunderbolt — the supreme deity whose authority held the divine and mortal orders together.

jovialJupiter

Melinoe

god

Underworld

A chthonic goddess of ghosts and nightmares who drove mortals to madness with spectral visions

Hades

god

King of the dead

The ruler of the Underworld who received the dead, guarded by Cerberus and feared so deeply that Greeks avoided speaking his name.

plutocratplutonium

Apollo

god

God of light, music, prophecy, and plague

Apollo was the most complex Olympian — god of light, music, poetry, prophecy, healing, plague, and rational thought, the divine embodiment of Greek civilisation.

ApollonianApollo program

Pasithea

🏔 titan

relaxation, hallucination, the fourth grace

One of the Charites, the Grace of rest and relaxation, given in marriage to the god Hypnos.

Selene

god

Titaness of the moon

The Titaness who personified the moon, driving her silver chariot across the night sky. She fell in love with the mortal Endymion and visited him nightly as he slept.

seleniumselenology