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Greek Mythology Notes

Apollo

godLightἈπόλλων
God of light, music, prophecy, and plague

Apollo was the most complex Olympian — god of light, music, poetry, prophecy, healing, plague, and r‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌ational thought, the divine embodiment of Greek civilisation.

The Myth of Apollo

Born on the sacred island of Delos — the only land that would receive his mother Leto, whom Hera had‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌ cursed — Apollo slew the serpent Python at Delphi and established his oracle there, the most important in the Greek world. He led the Muses, mastered the lyre, and punished hubris with plague arrows. He flayed the satyr Marsyas alive for daring a musical contest. He guided Paris's arrow to strike Achilles' heel at Troy. He loved Hyacinthus, whom Zephyrus killed in jealousy, and Daphne, who fled him and was transformed by her father Peneus. He fathered Asclepius, god of medicine, by the mortal Coronis. Zeus killed Asclepius for raising the dead, and Apollo, in grief, slew the Cyclops who forged the thunderbolt.

Parents

Zeus and Leto

Children

Asclepius, Orpheus (in some versions)

Symbols

lyrelaurelsun chariotsilver bow

Fun Fact

NASA's Apollo program was named after this god — the chariot driver of the sun seemed fitting for the first humans to reach another celestial body.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

ApollonianApollo program

Explore Further

Apollo

god

God of prophecy, music, and plague

The radiant god of light, prophecy, music, healing, and plague — the most complex deity in the Greek pantheon.

Apollonianapollonian

Apollo

god

God of the sun, music, poetry, prophecy, healing, archery

God of light, music, poetry, and prophecy. Apollo embodied the Greek ideal of youthful masculine beauty and was patron of the Oracle at Delphi.

apollonian

Asclepius

god

God of medicine who could raise the dead

The divine physician whose healing art grew so powerful that he could resurrect the dead — forcing Zeus to strike him down to preserve cosmic order.

asclepiad

Zeus

god

King of gods and men

Zeus was the king of the Olympian gods, ruler of the sky, wielder of the thunderbolt — the supreme deity whose authority held the divine and mortal orders together.

jovialJupiter

Asclepius

god

God of medicine and healing

Asclepius began as a mortal hero trained by Chiron who became so skilled at medicine that he could raise the dead — Zeus struck him down, then deified him.

asclepiad

Hades

god

King of the dead

The ruler of the Underworld who received the dead, guarded by Cerberus and feared so deeply that Greeks avoided speaking his name.

plutocratplutonium

Jupiter

god

King of gods, sky, thunder

Supreme deity of the Roman pantheon, equivalent to the Greek Zeus, ruling over gods and mortals from the heavens

jovial

Dionysus

god

God of wine, festivity, theatre, ecstasy, madness

God of wine, ritual madness, and theatrical performance. Dionysus was the only Olympian born of a mortal mother and the last god to join the twelve.

dionysianbacchanalian

Zeus

god

King of the gods, sky, thunder, lightning, law, order

Supreme ruler of the Olympian gods and lord of the sky. Zeus overthrew his father Kronos and divided the world among his brothers.

jovial

Poseidon

god

God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses

Poseidon was the god of the sea and earthquakes whose moods determined whether sailors lived or died — and whose grudge against Odysseus drove the Odyssey.

Neptunetrident

Aesculapius

god

Medicine, healing, physicians

Roman god of medicine and healing, adopted from the Greek Asclepius

aesculapian

Zeus

god

King of gods and men

The supreme Olympian who rules gods and mortals from Mount Olympus, wielding the thunderbolt as weapon and symbol of cosmic authority.

jovialzenith