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Greek Mythology Notes

Mycenae

🏛 placeΜυκῆναι
Citadel of Agamemnon

Mycenae was the great Bronze Age citadel in the Argolid, seat of King Agamemnon who led the Greek ex‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌pedition against Troy — its Lion Gate still stands after 3,200 years.

The Story of Mycenae

Founded by Perseus, son of Zeus and Danaë, Mycenae became the most powerful city in Greece during the Late Bronze Age.‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌ Agamemnon ruled from here when he summoned the Greek kings to war against Troy. Upon his return, his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus murdered him in his bath. His son Orestes later avenged him, setting off the chain of blood guilt dramatised by Aeschylus. When Schliemann excavated Mycenae in 1876, he found gold death masks, including one he famously (if wrongly) declared to be "the face of Agamemnon."

Parents

Founded by Perseus

Symbols

Lion Gategold maskcyclopean wallstholos tombs

Fun Fact

The massive walls of Mycenae were so enormous that later Greeks believed only the Cyclopes could have built them — hence "Cyclopean masonry."

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

Mycenaean

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Ilium

🏛 place

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The citadel of Troy, site of the legendary ten-year siege by the Greek forces

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Corinth

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City of Sisyphus and Medea

Corinth was a wealthy trading city on the narrow isthmus connecting mainland Greece to the Peloponnese, associated with Sisyphus, Medea, Bellerophon, and Pegasus.

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Pherae

🏛 place

Geography

A city in Thessaly where Admetus ruled and Alcestis chose to die in her husband's place

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Thebes

🏛 place

City of Cadmus and Oedipus

Thebes was the great city of Boeotia, founded by Cadmus who sowed dragon teeth, and the setting for the tragedies of Oedipus, Antigone, and the Seven Against Thebes.

Sicyon

🏛 place

Geography

An ancient city near Corinth claiming to be one of the oldest in Greece and site of Prometheus's sacrifice trick

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Colchis

🏛 place

Land of the Golden Fleece

Colchis was a kingdom at the eastern edge of the Greek world, on the shore of the Black Sea in modern Georgia, famous as the destination of Jason and the Argonauts.

colchicinecolchicum

Argos

🏛 place

city-state, Peloponnese

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and a major power in the Peloponnese, closely associated with the goddess Hera.

Grave Circle A at Mycenae

🏛 place

burial, treasure

The royal burial ground at Mycenae where Schliemann discovered the golden death masks, connecting Homeric mythology to archaeological reality.

mycenaean

Acrocorinth

🏛 place

geography

The towering citadel rock above Corinth, sacred to Aphrodite and site of her famous temple.

Tegea

🏛 place

geography

An Arcadian city with a great temple of Athena Alea, and possessor of the tusks of the Calydonian Boar and the bones of Orestes.

Troy

🏛 place

City besieged in the Trojan War

The legendary city in Asia Minor besieged by the Greeks for ten years in the Trojan War. Troy's fall — achieved through the deception of the wooden horse — is one of myth's defining moments.

TrojanTrojan horse

Orchomenus

🏛 place

city, Boeotia

An ancient Boeotian city that was one of the wealthiest in Bronze Age Greece, rivalling Thebes and associated with the Minyans.