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Greek Mythology Notes

Kronos

🏔 titanGolden Age KingΚρόνος
Titan king of the Golden Age

The king of the Titans who ruled during the Golden Age and devoured his children to prevent prophecy‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌ of his overthrow.

The Myth of Kronos

Kronos was the youngest and most cunning of the twelve Titans, son of Ouranos and Gaia.‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌ When Gaia could no longer bear Ouranos pressing down upon her and imprisoning her children, she fashioned an adamantine sickle and asked her sons to act. Only Kronos volunteered. He ambushed his father, castrated him, and cast the severed parts into the sea — from whose foam Aphrodite was born. Kronos then ruled during the Golden Age, a time Hesiod describes as free from toil and sorrow. But when he learned that his own child would overthrow him, he swallowed each infant — Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, Poseidon — as Rhea bore them. Rhea saved the youngest, Zeus, by substituting a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes. Zeus grew to manhood in Crete, returned, forced Kronos to disgorge his siblings, and launched the Titanomachy. Kronos was cast into Tartarus, though some traditions say he later ruled the Isles of the Blessed.

Fun Fact

Kronos and Chronos (time) are etymologically unrelated — but the Greeks themselves conflated them by the fifth century BC.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

chronologychronicchroniclechronometer

Explore Further

Kronos

🏔 titan

Titan, father of the Olympians

King of the Titans who ruled during the mythological Golden Age. Kronos overthrew his father Ouranos and was in turn overthrown by his son Zeus.

crony

Cronus

🏔 titan

harvest, time, ruler of the Titans

Ruler of the Titans and father of the first Olympians, who swallowed his children to prevent being overthrown.

chronologychronicleanachronism

Rhea

🏔 titan

Titaness of fertility, motherhood, the mountain wilds

Mother of the Olympian gods and wife of Kronos. Rhea saved the infant Zeus from being devoured by his father, enabling the rise of the Olympians.

rhea

Metis

🏔 titan

Wisdom, Cunning Counsel

The Titaness of wisdom and first wife of Zeus, swallowed whole by the king of the gods when a prophecy warned that her child would surpass him.

Eurynome

🏔 titan

Pastures, Wide Rule

A Titaness who in some traditions ruled Olympus alongside her husband Ophion before being overthrown by Cronus and Rhea in a divine coup.

Menoetius

🏔 titan

Hubris, Recklessness

A second-generation Titan struck down by Zeus for his violent pride during the war between gods and Titans.

Rhea

🏔 titan

Titaness mother of the Olympians

The great Titaness who saved Zeus from being swallowed by Kronos, enabling the entire Olympian order to exist.

rhea

Hecatoncheires

🏔 titan

Hundred-handed giant

Briareus was the mightiest of the three Hundred-Handed Ones who helped Zeus defeat the Titans.

hectarehecto-

Coeus

🏔 titan

Titan of intellect

Coeus was the Titan of rational intelligence and the celestial axis — grandfather of Apollo and Artemis through his daughter Leto.

Kratos

🏔 titan

strength, might, power

The personification of strength and ruling power, son of Pallas and Styx, divine executor of Zeus's commands.

democracyaristocracyautocracy

Clymene

🏔 titan

Fame, Renown

An Oceanid-Titaness best known as the mother of Prometheus, Atlas, and the other sons of Iapetus who shaped humanity's early story.

Perses

🏔 titan

Titan of destruction

Perses was the Titan of destruction and ravaging — father of Hecate, the great goddess of crossroads and magic.

Perseus