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Greek Mythology Notes

Tartarus

🏔 titandeityΤάρταρος
the deep abyss, primal darkness below

A primordial deity personifying the deep abyss below Hades, one of the first beings to emerge from C‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍haos.

The Myth of Tartarus

Tartarus was both a primordial deity and a physical place — the deep abyss below even the underworld, as far below Hades as the earth is below heaven.‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍ As a deity, Tartarus emerged from Chaos at the beginning of the world and with Gaia fathered the monster Typhon, the most dangerous creature ever to challenge Zeus. The place Tartarus was used as the prison for the Titans after their defeat, and it was here that the worst criminals among the dead were sent for eternal punishment — Sisyphus, Tantalus, Ixion, and the Danaids. Hesiod says a bronze anvil dropped from heaven would fall nine days before reaching earth, and nine more days to reach Tartarus.

Parents

{Chaos}

Children

{Typhon}

Symbols

bronze wallsdarknesschains

Fun Fact

Hesiod uses the nine-day falling anvil as a unit of cosmic measurement — Tartarus is as far below earth as earth is below heaven, placing it at the absolute bottom of the known universe.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

tartarean

Explore Further

Tartarus

🌀 primordial

The deepest abyss beneath the earth

Tartarus was both a primordial deity and the deepest pit of the cosmos — as far below Hades as earth is below heaven, the prison of the Titans and place of ultimate punishment.

Tartarus

Pontos

🏔 titan

the deep sea

A primordial sea deity, the personification of the deep sea itself, born from Gaia without a mate.

Pontus (Black Sea region)pontoon

Ourea

🏔 titan

mountains

The primordial gods of mountains, born directly from Gaia as personifications of individual peaks.

orographyorogeny

Erebus

🌀 primordial

Primordial darkness

Erebus was the personification of deep darkness, born from Chaos — his name became the word for the dark region of the underworld through which the dead pass.

Erebus

Nox

🏔 titan

night (Roman equivalent)

The Roman equivalent of Nyx, primordial goddess of night, mother of darkness and light alike.

nocturnalnocturneequinox

Oizys

🏔 titan

misery, woe, suffering

The primordial goddess of misery, distress, and suffering, daughter of Nyx.

Tartarus

🏛 place

The deepest pit of the underworld

The deepest abyss beneath the earth, as far below Hades as heaven is above earth. Tartarus was the prison of the Titans and the ultimate place of punishment.

tartarean

Golden Age

🏔 titan

Paradise, Primordial Innocence

The mythical era of peace and plenty under Cronus's rule, before Zeus and the Olympians brought the current order of toil and mortality.

golden age

Tethys

🏔 titan

Titaness of the primal ocean

The great Titaness of the sea who nursed Hera and whose union with Oceanus produced all the world's rivers and springs.

Tethys

Phorcys

🏔 titan

Sea Dangers, Hidden Depths

An ancient sea god of the deep's hidden perils, father of many of Greek mythology's most famous monsters including the Gorgons and the Graeae.

Atlas

🏔 titan

Titan condemned to hold the sky

The Titan condemned to bear the weight of the heavens on his shoulders at the western edge of the world for eternity.

atlasAtlanticAtlantis

Perses

🏔 titan

Titan of destruction

Perses was the Titan of destruction and ravaging — father of Hecate, the great goddess of crossroads and magic.

Perseus