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Greek Mythology Notes

Silvanus

godΠάν
Forests, boundaries, woodland

Roman god of forests and uncultivated land, protector of boundaries between wild and civilised space‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌s

The Myth of Silvanus

Silvanus was one of the most popular gods in the Roman countryside, though he had no official state cult or public temple.‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌ His worship was intensely personal and local — farmers, woodcutters, and landowners set up countless small shrines and inscriptions to him across the empire. He guarded the boundary between cultivated fields and the wild forest, a transition zone that Romans found both practical and symbolically potent. Silvanus was depicted as a vigorous older man carrying a cypress branch and accompanied by a dog. Unlike Faunus, who was equated with Pan, Silvanus remained distinctively Roman. His inscriptions are among the most numerous of any Roman deity, found from Britain to North Africa.

Parents

None recorded

Symbols

cypresspruning knifedog

Fun Fact

Silvanus had no official state temple, yet his inscriptions are among the most numerous found across the entire Roman Empire

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

sylvansilvaPennsylvania

Explore Further

Faunus

god

Forests, fields, flocks, prophecy

Roman god of the wild, forests, and flocks, equivalent to the Greek Pan

fauna

Fauns

🐉 creature

woodland, pastoral

Goat-legged woodland spirits of Roman origin that became conflated with Greek Satyrs and Pans in later mythological tradition.

faunafawn

Pomona

god

Fruit trees, orchards, gardens

Roman goddess of fruit trees and orchards, with no direct Greek equivalent

pomology

Pan

god

God of the wild, shepherds, and panic

Pan was the goat-legged god of the wild, shepherds, and mountain meadows whose sudden appearance could cause "panic" — the irrational terror named after him.

panicpandemoniumpanpipes

Mars

god

War, agriculture, guardianship

Roman god of war and agriculture, second in importance only to Jupiter, far more honoured than his Greek counterpart Ares

martialmarch

Jupiter

god

King of gods, sky, thunder

Supreme deity of the Roman pantheon, equivalent to the Greek Zeus, ruling over gods and mortals from the heavens

jovial

Terminus

god

Boundaries, property markers, borders

Roman god of boundary stones and property limits, with no direct Greek equivalent

terminalterminateterminus

Panes

🐉 creature

nature spirits

A race of goat-legged nature spirits modelled after the god Pan, haunting wild mountains and forests

panic

Saturn

god

Time, agriculture, abundance, dissolution

Ancient Roman god of agriculture and time, identified with the Greek Kronos, ruler of a lost golden age

saturnineSaturday

Hades

god

King of the dead

The ruler of the Underworld who received the dead, guarded by Cerberus and feared so deeply that Greeks avoided speaking his name.

plutocratplutonium

Diana

god

Hunt, moon, wilderness, crossroads

Roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, and wild places, identified with the Greek Artemis

diana

Hermes

god

Messenger of the gods and patron of thieves

The quicksilver god who guides souls to the Underworld, protects travellers, and invented lying on the day he was born.

hermetichermeneutics