Greek Mythology Notes
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Peripeteia

concept
Περιπέτεια
Sudden reversal of fortune

Peripeteia was the sudden reversal of circumstances in tragedy — the moment when everything changes, which Aristotle identified as essential to great drama.

The Myth

Aristotle described peripeteia as the pivot point of a well-constructed plot — the moment when the hero's fortune reverses from good to bad (or, in some cases, bad to good). In Oedipus Rex, the messenger from Corinth arrives to bring good news (Oedipus's "father" is dead) but actually triggers the catastrophe (revealing Oedipus's true parentage). The best peripeteia, Aristotle argued, coincides with anagnorisis (recognition), creating maximum emotional impact.

Symbols

turning pointreversalmessengerdramatic irony

Fun Fact

Every twist ending in cinema descends from Aristotle's concept of peripeteia — the sudden reversal that recontextualises everything before it.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth:

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