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Greek Mythology Notes

Lyre of Orpheus

💭 conceptΛύρα τοῦ Ὀρφέως
Artefact

The enchanted stringed instrument whose music could charm all living things, trees, and stones‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌

The Meaning of Lyre of Orpheus

The Lyre of Orpheus was the most potent musical instrument in Greek mythology, capable of moving not only mortals and gods but the very fabric of the natural world.‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‌​‌ According to tradition, the original lyre was invented by Hermes from a tortoise shell and ox-gut strings; he gave it to Apollo in exchange for the caduceus, and Apollo later bestowed it upon Orpheus, his mortal son (or devoted student, in some versions). In Orpheus's hands, the lyre produced music of supernatural beauty. When he played, wild beasts lay down peacefully, rivers paused in their courses, trees uprooted themselves to draw closer, and stones rolled toward the sound. During the voyage of the Argo, Orpheus's playing calmed storms and drowned out the lethal song of the Sirens, saving the crew. His greatest test came when he descended to the underworld to retrieve his wife Eurydice. There, his music so moved Hades and Persephone that they agreed to release her — an unprecedented concession from the lords of the dead. After Orpheus's death at the hands of the Maenads, the Muses gathered the fragments of his lyre, and Zeus placed it among the stars as the constellation Lyra, where it shines to this day.

Parents

None recorded

Symbols

lyretortoise_shellstars

Fun Fact

The constellation Lyra, visible in the northern sky, was said by the Greeks to be Orpheus's lyre placed among the stars by Zeus himself

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

lyrelyriclyrical

Explore Further

God of Music

💭 concept

Music, poetry, archery, prophecy, healing, plague

Apollo presides over music and the arts, wielding a golden lyre that can charm gods and mortals alike.

apollolyremuse

Birth of Hermes

💭 concept

Narrative

The precocious god who invented the lyre and stole Apollo's cattle on the very day he was born

Katabasis of Orpheus

💭 concept

underworld, music

Orpheus's descent to the Underworld to retrieve Eurydice, whose loss at the threshold of return established the archetype of art's power and its limits.

orphickatabasis

Orpheus and Eurydice

💭 concept

Narrative

The musician's descent to the underworld to reclaim his dead wife, undone by a single backward glance

Cyllene

🏛 place

geography

The highest mountain in the Peloponnese, birthplace of Hermes, where the god fashioned the first lyre.

mercurial (via Hermes)

Lyric

💭 concept

Language and music

An English word for the words of a song or poetry expressing personal emotion, derived from lyrikos meaning "of or for the lyre," the instrument that accompanied Greek sung poetry

lyriclyricallyricism

Orpheus

🗡 hero

Legendary musician and poet

The greatest musician in Greek mythology, whose playing could charm animals, trees, and even stones. His descent into the underworld to rescue his wife is one of myth's most poignant tales.

orphic

God of Wine

💭 concept

Wine, festivity, ecstasy, theatre, rebirth

Dionysus rules over wine, ritual madness, and the transformative power of theatre and celebration.

dionysusbacchuswine

Apollo and Daphne

💭 concept

Narrative

The god's relentless pursuit of a nymph who chose transformation into a laurel tree over submission

laurellaureate

Creation of Man

💭 concept

Narrative

The mythological accounts of how humanity was fashioned from clay and endowed with life by the gods

Prometheananthropology

God of Love

💭 concept

Love, desire, attraction, passion

Eros wields a bow whose golden arrows ignite irresistible love and whose lead arrows cause revulsion.

eroscupidamor

Orpheus

🗡 hero

The musician whose art moved gods and stones

The legendary poet-musician whose singing could charm animals, move trees, and halt rivers — and who nearly rescued his wife from death itself.

orphicOrphism