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Greek Mythology Notes

Phobia

💭 conceptΦοβία
Fear, irrational dread, anxiety disorder

An irrational persistent fear of a specific thing, from Phobos, the divine personification of fear a‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌nd panic.

The Meaning of Phobia

Phobos was the son of Ares and Aphrodite, and he accompanied his father into every battle alongside his twin brother Deimos (Terror).‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‍​‍​‌​‌​‌​‍​‍​‍​‍​‌​‌​‍​‌ While Deimos represented the dread that precedes combat, Phobos embodied the fear that grips soldiers during the fighting itself — the paralysing, irrational kind that breaks formations and turns warriors into fleeing animals. Ares decorated his shield with Phobos's image to terrify enemies. Alexander the Great reportedly prayed to Phobos before the Battle of Gaugamela, asking that fear be sent into the Persian ranks. The Greek word "phobos" was adopted by medical science to classify irrational fears: arachnophobia, claustrophobia, agoraphobia, and hundreds more. Each "phobia" in clinical psychology carries the name of Ares' son — a divine terror repackaged as a diagnostic suffix that appears throughout the DSM-5 and in everyday conversation.

Parents

Ares and Aphrodite

Symbols

shield of aresfearsome mask

Fun Fact

There are over 500 named phobias in clinical literature, and every single one carries the name of Phobos, the ancient Greek spirit of battlefield terror.

Words We Inherited

English words and phrases that trace back to this myth. See our full guide to English words from Greek mythology.

phobosphobiafearanxiety

Explore Further

Panic

💭 concept

Fear, terror, sudden irrational dread

Sudden uncontrollable fear, from the god Pan whose shouts in the wilderness caused stampedes of terror.

panpanicfear

Deimos

god

God of terror and dread

Deimos was the personification of dread and terror — the brother of Phobos who accompanied Ares into war.

Deimos (moon of Mars)

Phrike

god

Horror, shuddering, trembling fear

The daimon of the physical shudder of horror that seizes the body in moments of dread

none

God of War

💭 concept

War, bloodlust, battle rage, courage

Ares embodies the brutal, violent side of warfare and was feared even by his fellow Olympians.

aresmarsmartial

Phobos

god

God of fear and panic in battle

Phobos was the god of fear who accompanied his father Ares into battle, spreading terror before the armies.

phobiaarachnophobiaclaustrophobia

Catharsis

💭 concept

Emotional purification through art

Aristotle's concept that tragedy purifies the audience by arousing and then releasing pity and fear.

catharsiscathartic

Ataraxia

💭 concept

Epicurean Philosophy

The Epicurean ideal of tranquility, a state of undisturbed peace free from anxiety and fear.

ataraxiaataractic

Mania

💭 concept

Madness and Prophecy

The Greek concept of divinely inspired madness, distinguished from ordinary insanity.

maniamaniacmanic

Thumos

💭 concept

The seat of emotion, courage, and anger in the chest

The spirited element of the soul seated in the chest — the source of courage, anger, and passionate impulse.

thymusenthusiasm

Oedipus Complex

💭 concept

Psychoanalysis and psychology

A Freudian psychoanalytic concept describing a child's unconscious desire for the parent of the opposite sex, named after the mythological king who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother

oedipal

Cassandra Complex

💭 concept

Psychology and decision theory

A psychological phenomenon in which valid warnings or predictions are dismissed or disbelieved, named after the Trojan prophetess cursed to speak true prophecies that no one would accept

cassandra

Narcissistic Personality

💭 concept

Psychology and mythology

A psychological condition characterised by grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, named after Narcissus, the beautiful youth who fell in love with his own reflection

narcissismnarcissistnarcissistic